Toxic Chemicals in Clothing: What You Need to Know
2024.09.04
The textile and apparel industry faces significant challenges when it comes to managing chemical hazards. With a vast array of chemicals used throughout the manufacturing process and a complex, multi-tiered supply chain, the potential for harm to consumers and the environment is substantial.
What Chemicals Are Commonly Used in Apparel?
Many manufacturers apply various chemicals at different production stages to improve the appearance and functionality of their products. Some of the most commonly found chemical substances include:
| Chemical Name | Maybe found in | Why Restricted |
| Formaldehyde | Wrinkle free (permanent press, easy care, non-iron), stiffen [crinkle (3D)], stain resistant | Classified as a probable human carcinogen and is an irritant which can affect the eyes, nose, and throat. |
| PFAS and PFCS | Textile or leather finishes for water, oil, or stain repellency | Very persistent in the environment and have the potential to bioaccumulate in humans, causing reproductive issues |
| Phthalates | Plastics | Linked to adverse health impacts including hormone disruption and reproductive and developmental issues |
| Chromium | Leather, fur, textile fyes | Linked to allergic skin reactions, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, and damage to the male reproductive system |
| Azo Dyes | Finished Textiles | Suspected of causing allergic reactions |
| VOC | Adhesives, glues & fabric printing inks | Known to cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Chronic exposure to high VOC levels may cause damage to organs |
How Do These Chemicals Affect Consumers?
Individuals sensitive to chemicals or prone to fabric allergies may experience adverse reactions from garments treated with these substances. As consumers, how aware are we of the potential risks associated with the clothing we wear?
What Are the Regulatory Measures?
With increasing attention on the health and environmental impacts of these chemicals, governments worldwide are implementing stricter regulations. For instance:
| European Union | United States of America |
| REACH regulation applies to all chemical substances used in both industrial and consumer applications, which requires companies to demonstrate how they are managing potential risks as well as how chemical substances can be safely used. |
1. Federal level (CPSIA) includes provisions addressing: 2. State level: |
The Role of Companies in Chemical Management
Many companies have developed Restricted Substances Lists (RSLs) to guide suppliers in limiting harmful chemicals in finished products. They are also making commitments to improve chemical management and eliminate hazardous substances from their supply chains.
How Can SGS Help?
SGS offers training and chemical screening services such as PRS 500 & Green mark – HSA to ensure the quality, safety, and sustainability of textile products. SGS services help companies comply with regulatory requirements and meet market demands.
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