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Toxic Chemicals in Clothing: What You Need to Know

2024.09.04

In the current textile and apparel industry, the difficulty in controlling diverse health or environment-related chemical hazards lies not only in the vast volume of chemicals used in the manufacturing process, but is also due to the complexity and multi-tiered textile supply chain which involves diverse suppliers worldwide.

Some manufacturers coat their products with various chemicals at several stages of production to enhance their appearance and/or functionality, which can potentially harm consumers and the environment. 

Some commonly found chemicals include:

Chemical Name Maybe found in Why Restricted
Formaldehyde Wrinkle free (permanent press, easy care, non-iron), stiffen [crinkle (3D)], stain resistant Classified as a probable human carcinogen and is an irritant which can affect the eyes, nose, and throat.
PFAS and PFCS Textile or leather finishes for water, oil, or stain repellency Very persistent in the environment and have the potential to bioaccumulate in humans, causing reproductive issues
Phthalates Plastics Linked to adverse health impacts including hormone disruption and reproductive and developmental issues
Chromium Leather, fur, textile fyes Linked to allergic skin reactions, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, and damage to the male reproductive system
Azo Dyes Finished Textiles Suspected of causing allergic reactions
VOC Adhesives, glues & fabric printing inks Known to cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Chronic exposure to high VOC levels may cause damage to organs

 

Individuals who are sensitive to chemicals or who are prone to fabric allergies may have reactions to these garments. Many of the substances that people use to treat the garments are often linked to, financial risks. 

Accompanying the faster pace of the industry, more and more stringent laws and regulations on chemicals are being issued by governmental authorities globally.  Some common regulations include:

European Union United States of America
REACH regulation applies to all chemical substances used in both industrial and consumer applications, which requires companies to demonstrate how they are managing potential risks as well as how chemical substances can be safely used.  1. Federal level (CPSIA) includes provisions addressing:
- Lead
- Phthalates
- Toy safety
- Durable infant or toddler products
- Third-party testing and certification
- Tracking labels
- Imports
- ATVs
- Civil and criminal penalties
  2.  State level:
- Individual states might have their own legislation, for example: California Proposition 65

 

Many companies globally had developed their own Restricted Substances Lists (RSLs) to provide their suppliers with guidelines limiting the amount of chemicals that can be present in finished products and have made public commitments to improve their chemical management, aiming to eliminate the use and discharge of hazardous chemicals in their supply chains.

Chemical compliance is vital in controlling health or environmental related hazards including the sustainable use of chemicals in the manufacturing process and understanding the multitiered textile supply chain.

SGS offers Training and Chemical Screening services such as PRS 500 & Green mark – HSA to ensure the quality, safety, and sustainability of these products, and their mode of distribution, to satisfy regulatory requirements as well as the demands of the market.

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